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This pelagic, swimming species lives mainly in coastal marine waters, but can also be found over 1,000 km from the coast. In spring and summer, Engraulis japonicus migrates northwards and coastwards into bays and inlets.
Near Sagami Bay, Japan, females spawn throughout the year, with a peak between March and October. The eggs are transported by the Kuroshio countercurrent and then concentrate on the front formed by river runoff.
The Kuroshio-Oyashio transition region is apparently a rearing area for the larvae of Engraulis japonicus. I
In Japan, it also spawns in Osaka Bay and Wakasa Bay.
Haizhou Bay in China in the Yellow Sea is another spawning and rearing area; the adults overwinter in the deep trench and migrate to the northwestern coastal area in spring, where the spawning season lasts from May to July.
Engraulis japonicus migrates from the East China Sea to the northeast and southwest of Taiwan to spawn.
Another spawning area is located off the Changjiang River in the East China Sea.
Engraulis japonicus is an important prey item for many species such as dolphins, sharks, whales, tuna and seabirds.
It is a short-lived species; sexual maturity occurs within two years and the known maximum lifespan is four years.
Therefore, its generation time is estimated to be about 3 years; ten years is a reasonable time span in which the calculations for this species decline.
Engraulis japonicus occurs in large shoals near the surface, mainly in coastal waters, but also over 1,000 km from the coast.
The Japanese anchovy tends to move more northwards and into coastal waters in spring and summer. Juveniles feed on drifting seaweed.
Consuming this animal can trigger the dreaded Ciguatera fish poisoning.
The cause is to be found in certain unicellular organisms (dinoflagellates, such as Gambierdiscus toxicus), which produce toxins in the body of harmless and otherwise well-tolerated food fish, which can lead to various symptoms in humans:
Initial symptoms: Sweating, numbness and burning, especially around the mouth.
This is followed later by chills, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and muscle cramps. Paresthesia (itching, tingling, numbness) on the lips, the mucous membrane of the mouth and especially on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, numbness in the hands, feet and face.
Paralysis of the skeletal muscles, including the respiratory muscles, dizziness and coordination disorders may occur. Muscle pain, joint pain, headache, toothache, shivering and sweating are further symptoms. A general feeling of weakness develops. Consumption of alcohol aggravates the symptoms.
Less common are life-threatening drops in blood pressure and palpitations (tachycardia) or the opposite. Overall, the condition is very rare, but it leads to death in about 7% of cases.
Attention: An antidote does not exist!
First aid:
As early as possible: Pump out the stomach, if vomiting does not occur by itself
Activated carbon (medical carbon) give to bind the toxins: dosage is 1 g / kg body weight.
Promote excretion: As an acute therapy, the attending physician can give an infusion of 20% mannitol (sugar alcohol). The mechanism of action is unclear. Mannitol promotes urine excretion, so this measure should only be taken after fluid and electrolytes have been supplemented to prevent a circulatory collapse.
Rehydration with fluid and electrolytes is a sensible measure anyway, especially after vomiting and diarrhoea.
In life-threatening situations, plasma expanders should be given, i.e. infusions that increase the volume of the blood and remain in the circulation for a long time.
Cardiovascular symptoms may require further medical intervention: Atropine can be given if the heartbeat slows down, dopamine if the blood pressure drops.
You can find more information here:
http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Apotheke/seite116.htm
Synonyms:
Atherina japonica Houttuyn, 1782
Engraulis japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
Engraulis zollingeri Bleeker, 1849
Engraulus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
Stolephorus celebicus Hardenberg, 1933
Stolephorus zollingeri (Bleeker, 1849)
Near Sagami Bay, Japan, females spawn throughout the year, with a peak between March and October. The eggs are transported by the Kuroshio countercurrent and then concentrate on the front formed by river runoff.
The Kuroshio-Oyashio transition region is apparently a rearing area for the larvae of Engraulis japonicus. I
In Japan, it also spawns in Osaka Bay and Wakasa Bay.
Haizhou Bay in China in the Yellow Sea is another spawning and rearing area; the adults overwinter in the deep trench and migrate to the northwestern coastal area in spring, where the spawning season lasts from May to July.
Engraulis japonicus migrates from the East China Sea to the northeast and southwest of Taiwan to spawn.
Another spawning area is located off the Changjiang River in the East China Sea.
Engraulis japonicus is an important prey item for many species such as dolphins, sharks, whales, tuna and seabirds.
It is a short-lived species; sexual maturity occurs within two years and the known maximum lifespan is four years.
Therefore, its generation time is estimated to be about 3 years; ten years is a reasonable time span in which the calculations for this species decline.
Engraulis japonicus occurs in large shoals near the surface, mainly in coastal waters, but also over 1,000 km from the coast.
The Japanese anchovy tends to move more northwards and into coastal waters in spring and summer. Juveniles feed on drifting seaweed.
Consuming this animal can trigger the dreaded Ciguatera fish poisoning.
The cause is to be found in certain unicellular organisms (dinoflagellates, such as Gambierdiscus toxicus), which produce toxins in the body of harmless and otherwise well-tolerated food fish, which can lead to various symptoms in humans:
Initial symptoms: Sweating, numbness and burning, especially around the mouth.
This is followed later by chills, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and muscle cramps. Paresthesia (itching, tingling, numbness) on the lips, the mucous membrane of the mouth and especially on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, numbness in the hands, feet and face.
Paralysis of the skeletal muscles, including the respiratory muscles, dizziness and coordination disorders may occur. Muscle pain, joint pain, headache, toothache, shivering and sweating are further symptoms. A general feeling of weakness develops. Consumption of alcohol aggravates the symptoms.
Less common are life-threatening drops in blood pressure and palpitations (tachycardia) or the opposite. Overall, the condition is very rare, but it leads to death in about 7% of cases.
Attention: An antidote does not exist!
First aid:
As early as possible: Pump out the stomach, if vomiting does not occur by itself
Activated carbon (medical carbon) give to bind the toxins: dosage is 1 g / kg body weight.
Promote excretion: As an acute therapy, the attending physician can give an infusion of 20% mannitol (sugar alcohol). The mechanism of action is unclear. Mannitol promotes urine excretion, so this measure should only be taken after fluid and electrolytes have been supplemented to prevent a circulatory collapse.
Rehydration with fluid and electrolytes is a sensible measure anyway, especially after vomiting and diarrhoea.
In life-threatening situations, plasma expanders should be given, i.e. infusions that increase the volume of the blood and remain in the circulation for a long time.
Cardiovascular symptoms may require further medical intervention: Atropine can be given if the heartbeat slows down, dopamine if the blood pressure drops.
You can find more information here:
http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Apotheke/seite116.htm
Synonyms:
Atherina japonica Houttuyn, 1782
Engraulis japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
Engraulis zollingeri Bleeker, 1849
Engraulus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
Stolephorus celebicus Hardenberg, 1933
Stolephorus zollingeri (Bleeker, 1849)
